The role of the European Union in the Brazilian foreign policy an analysis of the Brazil-European Union Strategic Partnership
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
O artigo tem como objetivo discutir o papel da União Europeia (EU) na política externa
brasileira, analisando a Parceria Estratégica Brasil-União Europeia. Esteartigo envolveupesquisa
qualitativa e documental, assim como revisão de literatura. O argumento central é de que ambos,
Brasil e União Europeia, não apresentam definições precisas do que eles compreendem como parceria
estratégica, portanto, este fenômeno deve ser enquadrado através de elementos estruturais na política
externa destes atores. O bloco europeu é um ator importante para a política externa brasileira, dados
a evolução histórica das relações, o estabelecimento da Parceria Estratégica e a relevância econômica
da União Europeia para o país. Por sua vez, o lócus atual da União Europeia na política externa
brasileira ainda não é claro, devido à sobreposição de níveis de interação entre Brasil e União
Europeia e as dificuldades nos cenários domésticos de ambos os atores.
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Luiz Reis da Silva, A., & Volpato, V. (2022). The role of the European Union in the Brazilian foreign policy: an analysis of the Brazil-European Union Strategic Partnership. Revista Sul-Americana De Ciência Política, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.15210/rsulacp.v8i1.21382
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Artigos
Referências
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BLANCO, Luis Fernando; LUCIANO, Bruno Theodoro. Understanding EU’s strategic partnerships
in Latin America: a comparative assessment of EU-Brazil and EU-Mexico relations. Journal of
Contemporary European Studies, v. 26, n. 4, p. 459-472, 2018. Available at:
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FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C. European Union-Brazil Relations: A Strategic Partnership in
Suspended Animation. In: FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C.; SMITH, Michael (Orgs). The European
Union’s Strategic Partnerships: Global Diplomacy in a Contested World. Cham: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2021.
FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C.; VIEIRA, Alena Vysotskaya Guedes. Introduction: The European
Union’s strategic partnerships: conceptual approaches, debates and experiences. Cambridge Review
of International Affairs, v. 29, n. 1, p. 3-17, 2016. Available
at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09557571.2015.1130341. Accessed on: June, 30,
2018.
GARDINI, Gian Luca. Desenvolvimento econômico e sustentabilidade: agendas da União Europeia
e do Brasil. Brasil e União Europeia: Perspectivas comparadas, 2018. Lecture given to professors,
students and employees of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Available at:
https://www.ufrgs.br/cespri/projects/brasil-e-uniao-europeia-perspectivas-comparadas/. Accessed
on: Sep., 25, 2018.
GRATIUS, Susanne. Brazil and the European Union: between balancing and wagoning. ESPO
Working Paper, n. 2, July 2012. Available at: https://intranet.eulacfoundation.org/en/system/files/B
RAZIL%20AND%20THE%20EU%20BETWEEN%20BALANCING%20AND%20BANDWAGO
NING.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
GRATIUS, Susanne. Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist
bilateralism. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 61, n. 1, e003, 2018. Available at: http:
//www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292018000100203&lng=en&tlng=en.
Accessed on: May, 30, 2018.
GREVI, Giovanni; KHANDEKAR, Gauri. Mapping EU Strategic Partnerships. FRIDE, 2010.
Available at: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/145621/Mapping_Book.pdf.Accessed on: Nov., 11, 2018.
LAZAROU, Elena; FONSECA, Carmen. Parcerias Estratégicas nas Relações Internacionais: uma
análise conceitual. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs). Parcerias
Estratégicas do Brasil: os significados e as experiências tradicionais. Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço,
2013.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos. A diplomacia universalista do Brasil: a construção do sistema
contemporâneo de relações bilaterais. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 41, n. spe, p.
29-41, 1998. Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-
73291998000300003. Accessed on: Nov., 10, 2018.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos. Brazil’s strategic partnerships: an assessment of the Lula era (2003-2010).
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 53, n. spe, p. 115-131, 2010. Available at:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292010000300007. Accessed on:
June, 30, 2018.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de. Parcerias Estratégicas do Brasil: uma
busca por conceitos. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs).
Parcerias Estratégicas do Brasil: a dimensão multilateral e as parcerias emergentes. Belo Horizonte:
Fino Traço, 2013.
PUTNAM, Robert. Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. International
Organization, v. 42, n. 3, p. 427-460, 1988. Available
at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2706785?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Accessed on: Nov., 15,
2018.
RENARD, Thomas.The Rise and Fall of an Idea. In: FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C.; SMITH,
Michael (Orgs). The European Union’s Strategic Partnerships: Global Diplomacy in a Contested
World. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.
SARAIVA, Miriam Gomes. Brazil’s Strategies and Partnerships: The Place of the European Union.
Perspectives, v. 20, n. 2, p. 45-62, 2012. Available
at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23616130?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Accessed on: June, 30,
2018.
SARAIVA, Miriam Gomes. The Brazil-European Union strategic partnership, from Lula to Dilma
Rousseff: a shift of focus. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 60, n. 1, p. 1-17, 2017.
Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-
73292017000100208&lng=en&tlng=en. Accessed on: May, 17, 2018.
SILVA, André Luiz Reis da. Do otimismo liberal à globalização assimétrica: a política externa do
governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002). Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, 2008. Available at: https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/14743. Accessed on:
Nov., 15, 2018.
SILVA, André Luiz Reis da; PÉREZ, José O. Lula, Dilma, and Temer: The Rise and Fall of Brazilian
Foreign Policy. Latin American Perspectives, v. 46, n. 4, p. 169-185, 2019. Available at: at:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0094582X19846521?icid=int.sj-full-text.similararticles.3&journalCode=lapa. Accessed on: Sep., 17, 2018.
VAZ, Alcides Costa. Brazil’s strategic partnerships: origins, agendas and outcomes. ESPOWorking
Paper, n. 9, 2014. Available at: http://fride.org/descarga/WP9_Brazil_strategic_partnerships.pdf.
Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
Agreement between the European Union and Mercosur. In: BRAZILIAN Trade and Investment
Promotion Agency. MERCOSUR-European Union dialogue. Brasília: ApexBrasil, 2012. Available
at: https://eulacfoundation.org/en/content/mercosur-european-union-dialogue. Accessed on: Nov.,
19, 2018.
AYLLÓN, Bruno. As relações entre Brasil e Europa durante o segundo governo Lula: a aposta na
Associação Estratégica. In:FISCHER-BOLLIN, Peter (Org). Desafios para a construção de uma
agenda entre Brasil e Europa. Rio de Janeiro: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2011.
BECARD, Danielly Silva Ramos. Parcerias Estratégicas nas Relações Internacionais: uma análise
conceitual. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs). Parcerias
Estratégicas do Brasil: os significados e as experiências tradicionais. Belo Horizonte: FinoTraço,
2013.
BLANCO, Luis Fernando de Moraes y. On the uses and functions of ‘strategic partnership’ in
international politics: Implications for agency, policy and theory. Tese de Doutorado. Bielefeld
University, 2015. Available at: https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2763241. Accessed on: Nov., 10,
2018.
BLANCO, Luis Fernando. The functions of ‘strategic partnership’ in European Union foreign policy
discourse. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, v. 29, n. 1, p. 36-54, 2016. Available at:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09557571.2015.1126055?journalCode=ccam20. Accessed on: Nov., 10, 2018.
BLANCO, Luis Fernando; LUCIANO, Bruno Theodoro. Understanding EU’s strategic partnerships
in Latin America: a comparative assessment of EU-Brazil and EU-Mexico relations. Journal of
Contemporary European Studies, v. 26, n. 4, p. 459-472, 2018. Available at:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14782804.2018.1519485?journalCode=cjea20.
Accessed on: Nov., 15, 2018.
BRASIL. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. União Europeia. Brasília, 2018a. Availableat:
http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-BR/ficha-pais/5812-uniao-europeia. Accessed on: Nov., 11, 2018.
CERVO, Amado Luiz; BUENO, Clodoaldo. História da Política Exterior do Brasil. Brasília:
EdUnB, 2011.
COMMISSION of the European Communities. Communication from the Commission to the
European Parliament and the Council: Towards an EU-Brazil Strategic Partnership. European
Commission: Brussels, 2007. Available at: https://www.access4.eu/_media/Communication_on_EU
_Brazilian_partnership.pdf. Accessed on: Nov., 14, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. EU-Brazil Summit. Joint Statement. Lisbon, 4 July 2007. Council
of the EU: Brussels, 2007. Available at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pr
essData/en/er/95167.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. 2nd Brazil-European Union Summit.Joint Statement. Joint Action
Plan. Rio de Janeiro, 22 December 2008. Council of the EU: Brussels, 2008. Available at:
http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/brazil/docs/2008_ii_summit_joint_statement_en.pdf. Accessed
on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. Third European Union-Brazil Summit. Joint Statement.
Stockholm, 6 October 2009. Council of the EU: Brussels, 2009a. Available at:
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/er/110440.pdf. Accessed on:
June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union.European Security Strategy: A Secure Europe in a Better World.
Council of the EU: Brussels, 2009b. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/30823/qc
7809568enc.pdf. Accessed on: June, 11, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. IV European Union-Brazil Summit. Joint Statement. Council of
the EU: Brasília, 2010. Available at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressd
ata/en/er/115812.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. V European Union – Brazil Summit.Joint Statement. Joint Action
Plan. Brussels, 4 October 2011. Council of the EU: Brussels, 2011. Available at:
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/124878.pdf. Accessed
on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. VI Brazil-EU Summit. Joint Statement. Council of the EU:
Brasília, 2013. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/dmer/
dv/vi_brazil_eu_summit_/vi_brazil_eu_summit_en.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. 7th EU-Brazil Summit. Brussels, 24 February 2014.Joint
Statement. Council of the EU: Brussels, 2014. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media
/23829/141145.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
DIÁLOGOS União Europeia-Brasil. Apresentação. Diálogos..., 2018. Available at:
http://sectordialogues.org/apresentacao.php. Accessed on: Nov., 15, 2018.
DIÁLOGOS União Europeia-Brasil. Histórico. Diálogos..., 2021. Available at:
http://www.sectordialogues.org/historico.php. Accessed on: Nov., 18, 2021.
EUROPEAN Commission. Brazil. European Commission, 2018. Available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/brazil/. Accessed on: Nov.,11, 2018.
EUROPEAN Commission. EU-Mercosur trade agreement: The Agreement in Principle and its
texts.European Commission, 2019. Available at: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?i
d=2048. Accessed on: Nov., 02, 2021.
FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C. European Union-Brazil Relations: A Strategic Partnership in
Suspended Animation. In: FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C.; SMITH, Michael (Orgs). The European
Union’s Strategic Partnerships: Global Diplomacy in a Contested World. Cham: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2021.
FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C.; VIEIRA, Alena Vysotskaya Guedes. Introduction: The European
Union’s strategic partnerships: conceptual approaches, debates and experiences. Cambridge Review
of International Affairs, v. 29, n. 1, p. 3-17, 2016. Available
at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09557571.2015.1130341. Accessed on: June, 30,
2018.
GARDINI, Gian Luca. Desenvolvimento econômico e sustentabilidade: agendas da União Europeia
e do Brasil. Brasil e União Europeia: Perspectivas comparadas, 2018. Lecture given to professors,
students and employees of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Available at:
https://www.ufrgs.br/cespri/projects/brasil-e-uniao-europeia-perspectivas-comparadas/. Accessed
on: Sep., 25, 2018.
GRATIUS, Susanne. Brazil and the European Union: between balancing and wagoning. ESPO
Working Paper, n. 2, July 2012. Available at: https://intranet.eulacfoundation.org/en/system/files/B
RAZIL%20AND%20THE%20EU%20BETWEEN%20BALANCING%20AND%20BANDWAGO
NING.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
GRATIUS, Susanne. Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist
bilateralism. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 61, n. 1, e003, 2018. Available at: http:
//www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292018000100203&lng=en&tlng=en.
Accessed on: May, 30, 2018.
GREVI, Giovanni; KHANDEKAR, Gauri. Mapping EU Strategic Partnerships. FRIDE, 2010.
Available at: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/145621/Mapping_Book.pdf.Accessed on: Nov., 11, 2018.
LAZAROU, Elena; FONSECA, Carmen. Parcerias Estratégicas nas Relações Internacionais: uma
análise conceitual. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs). Parcerias
Estratégicas do Brasil: os significados e as experiências tradicionais. Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço,
2013.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos. A diplomacia universalista do Brasil: a construção do sistema
contemporâneo de relações bilaterais. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 41, n. spe, p.
29-41, 1998. Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-
73291998000300003. Accessed on: Nov., 10, 2018.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos. Brazil’s strategic partnerships: an assessment of the Lula era (2003-2010).
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 53, n. spe, p. 115-131, 2010. Available at:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292010000300007. Accessed on:
June, 30, 2018.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de. Parcerias Estratégicas do Brasil: uma
busca por conceitos. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs).
Parcerias Estratégicas do Brasil: a dimensão multilateral e as parcerias emergentes. Belo Horizonte:
Fino Traço, 2013.
PUTNAM, Robert. Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. International
Organization, v. 42, n. 3, p. 427-460, 1988. Available
at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2706785?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Accessed on: Nov., 15,
2018.
RENARD, Thomas.The Rise and Fall of an Idea. In: FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C.; SMITH,
Michael (Orgs). The European Union’s Strategic Partnerships: Global Diplomacy in a Contested
World. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.
SARAIVA, Miriam Gomes. Brazil’s Strategies and Partnerships: The Place of the European Union.
Perspectives, v. 20, n. 2, p. 45-62, 2012. Available
at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23616130?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Accessed on: June, 30,
2018.
SARAIVA, Miriam Gomes. The Brazil-European Union strategic partnership, from Lula to Dilma
Rousseff: a shift of focus. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 60, n. 1, p. 1-17, 2017.
Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-
73292017000100208&lng=en&tlng=en. Accessed on: May, 17, 2018.
SILVA, André Luiz Reis da. Do otimismo liberal à globalização assimétrica: a política externa do
governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002). Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, 2008. Available at: https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/14743. Accessed on:
Nov., 15, 2018.
SILVA, André Luiz Reis da; PÉREZ, José O. Lula, Dilma, and Temer: The Rise and Fall of Brazilian
Foreign Policy. Latin American Perspectives, v. 46, n. 4, p. 169-185, 2019. Available at: at:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0094582X19846521?icid=int.sj-full-text.similararticles.3&journalCode=lapa. Accessed on: Sep., 17, 2018.
VAZ, Alcides Costa. Brazil’s strategic partnerships: origins, agendas and outcomes. ESPOWorking
Paper, n. 9, 2014. Available at: http://fride.org/descarga/WP9_Brazil_strategic_partnerships.pdf.
Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.