The role of the European Union in the Brazilian foreign policy an analysis of the Brazil-European Union Strategic Partnership
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Résumé
This article aims to discuss the role of the European Union (EU) in Brazilian foreign policy by analyzing the Brazil-European Union Strategic Partnership. To do so, this investigation involves the use of qualitative data, literature review, and documentary research. Both Brazil and the EU do not present precise definitions for what they understand as strategic partnerships and, hence, this phenomenon must be framed through structural elements in these actors’ foreign policy. The European bloc is an important actor in Brazilian foreign policy, given the historic evolution of Brazil-EU relations, the establishment of the Strategic Partnership, and the EU’s economic relevance for the country. In turn, the current locus of the EU in Brazilian foreign policy is still unclear, due to overlapping levels of interaction between Brazil and the EU and to the difficulties in the domestic scenarios of both actors.
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Comment citer
Luiz Reis da Silva, A., & Volpato, V. (2022). The role of the European Union in the Brazilian foreign policy: an analysis of the Brazil-European Union Strategic Partnership. Revista Sul-Americana De Ciência Política, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.15210/rsulacp.v8i1.21382
Numéro
Rubrique
Artigos
Références
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at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09557571.2015.1130341. Accessed on: June, 30,
2018.
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RAZIL%20AND%20THE%20EU%20BETWEEN%20BALANCING%20AND%20BANDWAGO
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GRATIUS, Susanne. Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist
bilateralism. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 61, n. 1, e003, 2018. Available at: http:
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análise conceitual. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs). Parcerias
Estratégicas do Brasil: os significados e as experiências tradicionais. Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço,
2013.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos. A diplomacia universalista do Brasil: a construção do sistema
contemporâneo de relações bilaterais. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 41, n. spe, p.
29-41, 1998. Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-
73291998000300003. Accessed on: Nov., 10, 2018.
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Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 53, n. spe, p. 115-131, 2010. Available at:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292010000300007. Accessed on:
June, 30, 2018.
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busca por conceitos. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs).
Parcerias Estratégicas do Brasil: a dimensão multilateral e as parcerias emergentes. Belo Horizonte:
Fino Traço, 2013.
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Michael (Orgs). The European Union’s Strategic Partnerships: Global Diplomacy in a Contested
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Perspectives, v. 20, n. 2, p. 45-62, 2012. Available
at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23616130?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Accessed on: June, 30,
2018.
SARAIVA, Miriam Gomes. The Brazil-European Union strategic partnership, from Lula to Dilma
Rousseff: a shift of focus. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 60, n. 1, p. 1-17, 2017.
Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-
73292017000100208&lng=en&tlng=en. Accessed on: May, 17, 2018.
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governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002). Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, 2008. Available at: https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/14743. Accessed on:
Nov., 15, 2018.
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Foreign Policy. Latin American Perspectives, v. 46, n. 4, p. 169-185, 2019. Available at: at:
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Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
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Promotion Agency. MERCOSUR-European Union dialogue. Brasília: ApexBrasil, 2012. Available
at: https://eulacfoundation.org/en/content/mercosur-european-union-dialogue. Accessed on: Nov.,
19, 2018.
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Associação Estratégica. In:FISCHER-BOLLIN, Peter (Org). Desafios para a construção de uma
agenda entre Brasil e Europa. Rio de Janeiro: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2011.
BECARD, Danielly Silva Ramos. Parcerias Estratégicas nas Relações Internacionais: uma análise
conceitual. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs). Parcerias
Estratégicas do Brasil: os significados e as experiências tradicionais. Belo Horizonte: FinoTraço,
2013.
BLANCO, Luis Fernando de Moraes y. On the uses and functions of ‘strategic partnership’ in
international politics: Implications for agency, policy and theory. Tese de Doutorado. Bielefeld
University, 2015. Available at: https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2763241. Accessed on: Nov., 10,
2018.
BLANCO, Luis Fernando. The functions of ‘strategic partnership’ in European Union foreign policy
discourse. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, v. 29, n. 1, p. 36-54, 2016. Available at:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09557571.2015.1126055?journalCode=ccam20. Accessed on: Nov., 10, 2018.
BLANCO, Luis Fernando; LUCIANO, Bruno Theodoro. Understanding EU’s strategic partnerships
in Latin America: a comparative assessment of EU-Brazil and EU-Mexico relations. Journal of
Contemporary European Studies, v. 26, n. 4, p. 459-472, 2018. Available at:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14782804.2018.1519485?journalCode=cjea20.
Accessed on: Nov., 15, 2018.
BRASIL. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. União Europeia. Brasília, 2018a. Availableat:
http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-BR/ficha-pais/5812-uniao-europeia. Accessed on: Nov., 11, 2018.
CERVO, Amado Luiz; BUENO, Clodoaldo. História da Política Exterior do Brasil. Brasília:
EdUnB, 2011.
COMMISSION of the European Communities. Communication from the Commission to the
European Parliament and the Council: Towards an EU-Brazil Strategic Partnership. European
Commission: Brussels, 2007. Available at: https://www.access4.eu/_media/Communication_on_EU
_Brazilian_partnership.pdf. Accessed on: Nov., 14, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. EU-Brazil Summit. Joint Statement. Lisbon, 4 July 2007. Council
of the EU: Brussels, 2007. Available at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pr
essData/en/er/95167.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. 2nd Brazil-European Union Summit.Joint Statement. Joint Action
Plan. Rio de Janeiro, 22 December 2008. Council of the EU: Brussels, 2008. Available at:
http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/brazil/docs/2008_ii_summit_joint_statement_en.pdf. Accessed
on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. Third European Union-Brazil Summit. Joint Statement.
Stockholm, 6 October 2009. Council of the EU: Brussels, 2009a. Available at:
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/er/110440.pdf. Accessed on:
June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union.European Security Strategy: A Secure Europe in a Better World.
Council of the EU: Brussels, 2009b. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/30823/qc
7809568enc.pdf. Accessed on: June, 11, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. IV European Union-Brazil Summit. Joint Statement. Council of
the EU: Brasília, 2010. Available at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressd
ata/en/er/115812.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. V European Union – Brazil Summit.Joint Statement. Joint Action
Plan. Brussels, 4 October 2011. Council of the EU: Brussels, 2011. Available at:
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/124878.pdf. Accessed
on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. VI Brazil-EU Summit. Joint Statement. Council of the EU:
Brasília, 2013. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/dmer/
dv/vi_brazil_eu_summit_/vi_brazil_eu_summit_en.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
COUNCIL of the European Union. 7th EU-Brazil Summit. Brussels, 24 February 2014.Joint
Statement. Council of the EU: Brussels, 2014. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media
/23829/141145.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
DIÁLOGOS União Europeia-Brasil. Apresentação. Diálogos..., 2018. Available at:
http://sectordialogues.org/apresentacao.php. Accessed on: Nov., 15, 2018.
DIÁLOGOS União Europeia-Brasil. Histórico. Diálogos..., 2021. Available at:
http://www.sectordialogues.org/historico.php. Accessed on: Nov., 18, 2021.
EUROPEAN Commission. Brazil. European Commission, 2018. Available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/brazil/. Accessed on: Nov.,11, 2018.
EUROPEAN Commission. EU-Mercosur trade agreement: The Agreement in Principle and its
texts.European Commission, 2019. Available at: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?i
d=2048. Accessed on: Nov., 02, 2021.
FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C. European Union-Brazil Relations: A Strategic Partnership in
Suspended Animation. In: FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C.; SMITH, Michael (Orgs). The European
Union’s Strategic Partnerships: Global Diplomacy in a Contested World. Cham: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2021.
FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C.; VIEIRA, Alena Vysotskaya Guedes. Introduction: The European
Union’s strategic partnerships: conceptual approaches, debates and experiences. Cambridge Review
of International Affairs, v. 29, n. 1, p. 3-17, 2016. Available
at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09557571.2015.1130341. Accessed on: June, 30,
2018.
GARDINI, Gian Luca. Desenvolvimento econômico e sustentabilidade: agendas da União Europeia
e do Brasil. Brasil e União Europeia: Perspectivas comparadas, 2018. Lecture given to professors,
students and employees of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Available at:
https://www.ufrgs.br/cespri/projects/brasil-e-uniao-europeia-perspectivas-comparadas/. Accessed
on: Sep., 25, 2018.
GRATIUS, Susanne. Brazil and the European Union: between balancing and wagoning. ESPO
Working Paper, n. 2, July 2012. Available at: https://intranet.eulacfoundation.org/en/system/files/B
RAZIL%20AND%20THE%20EU%20BETWEEN%20BALANCING%20AND%20BANDWAGO
NING.pdf. Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.
GRATIUS, Susanne. Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist
bilateralism. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 61, n. 1, e003, 2018. Available at: http:
//www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292018000100203&lng=en&tlng=en.
Accessed on: May, 30, 2018.
GREVI, Giovanni; KHANDEKAR, Gauri. Mapping EU Strategic Partnerships. FRIDE, 2010.
Available at: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/145621/Mapping_Book.pdf.Accessed on: Nov., 11, 2018.
LAZAROU, Elena; FONSECA, Carmen. Parcerias Estratégicas nas Relações Internacionais: uma
análise conceitual. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs). Parcerias
Estratégicas do Brasil: os significados e as experiências tradicionais. Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço,
2013.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos. A diplomacia universalista do Brasil: a construção do sistema
contemporâneo de relações bilaterais. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 41, n. spe, p.
29-41, 1998. Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-
73291998000300003. Accessed on: Nov., 10, 2018.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos. Brazil’s strategic partnerships: an assessment of the Lula era (2003-2010).
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 53, n. spe, p. 115-131, 2010. Available at:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292010000300007. Accessed on:
June, 30, 2018.
LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de. Parcerias Estratégicas do Brasil: uma
busca por conceitos. In: LESSA, Antônio Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Henrique Altemani de (Orgs).
Parcerias Estratégicas do Brasil: a dimensão multilateral e as parcerias emergentes. Belo Horizonte:
Fino Traço, 2013.
PUTNAM, Robert. Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. International
Organization, v. 42, n. 3, p. 427-460, 1988. Available
at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2706785?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Accessed on: Nov., 15,
2018.
RENARD, Thomas.The Rise and Fall of an Idea. In: FERREIRA-PEREIRA, Laura C.; SMITH,
Michael (Orgs). The European Union’s Strategic Partnerships: Global Diplomacy in a Contested
World. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.
SARAIVA, Miriam Gomes. Brazil’s Strategies and Partnerships: The Place of the European Union.
Perspectives, v. 20, n. 2, p. 45-62, 2012. Available
at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23616130?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Accessed on: June, 30,
2018.
SARAIVA, Miriam Gomes. The Brazil-European Union strategic partnership, from Lula to Dilma
Rousseff: a shift of focus. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, v. 60, n. 1, p. 1-17, 2017.
Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-
73292017000100208&lng=en&tlng=en. Accessed on: May, 17, 2018.
SILVA, André Luiz Reis da. Do otimismo liberal à globalização assimétrica: a política externa do
governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002). Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, 2008. Available at: https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/14743. Accessed on:
Nov., 15, 2018.
SILVA, André Luiz Reis da; PÉREZ, José O. Lula, Dilma, and Temer: The Rise and Fall of Brazilian
Foreign Policy. Latin American Perspectives, v. 46, n. 4, p. 169-185, 2019. Available at: at:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0094582X19846521?icid=int.sj-full-text.similararticles.3&journalCode=lapa. Accessed on: Sep., 17, 2018.
VAZ, Alcides Costa. Brazil’s strategic partnerships: origins, agendas and outcomes. ESPOWorking
Paper, n. 9, 2014. Available at: http://fride.org/descarga/WP9_Brazil_strategic_partnerships.pdf.
Accessed on: June, 30, 2018.