VISIBILIDADE MIDIÁTICA MUDANÇA NO JOGO OU ALTERNATIVA? PESQUISA COMPARATIVA ENTRE OS PARLAMENTARES DO BRASIL E DA ALEMANHA
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Résumé
This paper draws upon a field research conducted with Brazilian and German members of the Federal Parliaments (MPs). It aims to compare communication strategies and electoral
connections in both countries. Methodology: The research design drew upon anelite survey sample (N=324) to provide a sufficient number of respondents for analysis. Results: The research found two basic kinds of politicians: (i) MPs who use national and regional media to communicate with voters, work in committees, deliver speeches at the House’s floor, but whose activities are not primarily related to district interests. (ii) MPs who heavily use the local broadcasting and print media, and whose activities are primarily focused on delivering services and pork to constituencies. For both types, the Internet and media visibility are not perceived as a "game-changer". Conclusion: As an instrument of political communication the Internet and social media emerged not as a
globalizing force, but as a tool used and adapted to local political contexts.
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Comment citer
Orlando Lyra de Carvalho Jr. (2021). VISIBILIDADE MIDIÁTICA: MUDANÇA NO JOGO OU ALTERNATIVA? PESQUISA COMPARATIVA ENTRE OS PARLAMENTARES DO BRASIL E DA ALEMANHA. Revista Sul-Americana De Ciência Política, 3(1), 110-131. Consulté à l’adresse https://revistas.ufpel.edu.br/index.php/Sul/article/view/212
Rubrique
Artigos
Références
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______. Another Fourth Branch: Press and the Political Culture in Brazil. Journalism, vol. 6, n. 4, p. 486-504, 2005.
______. Notas para uma agenda de pesquisa sobre a propaganda política na televisão no Brasil. Revista ECO-Pós, vol. 12, n. 3. p. 4-10, 2009
ALEXANDER, J. C. Performance and Power. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2010.
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______. A política de perto: recortes etnográficos de campanhas eleitorais. Novos Estudos, vol. 74, n. 3, 2006, p. 177-194.
BAWN, Katharine. Voter Responses to Electoral Complexity: Ticket Splitting, Rational Voters and Representation in the Federal Republic of Germany. British Journal of Political Science, vol. 29, n. 3, 1999, p. 487-505.
BENNETT, Lance; ENTMAN, Robert. Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
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CAREY, John; SHUGART, Matthew. Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: a rank ordering of electoral formulas. Electoral Studies, vol. 14, n. 4, 1996, p. 417-439.
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COX, Gary. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
DALTON, Russel; WATTENBERG, Martin. Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
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FIORINA, Morris. Congress: keystone of the Washington establishment. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
GLES -German Longitudinal Election Study. Leibniz-Institut für Sozial wissenschaften, 2009.
HARRIS, Phil; REES, Patricia (eds). Machiavelli, Marketing and Management. London. Routledge, 2000.
HJARVARD, Stig. The Mediatization of Society: a theory of the media as agents of social and
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JACOB, César Romero; HEES, Rodrigues; WANIEZ, Philippe; BRUSTLEIN, Viollete A geografia do voto nas eleições presidenciais do Brasil: 1989-2006. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Vozes, 2010.
LUNDBY, Knut. Mediatization: Concept, Changes, Consequences. New York, NY: Lang, 2009.
MANIN, Bernard. The Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
MARCH, Johan; OLSEN, James. Rediscovering Institutions. New York: Free Press, 1989.
MAINWARING, Scott. Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: the Case of Brazil.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
MAYHEW, David. The Electoral Connection (2nd. Ed.). New Haven: Yale University, 2004.
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NORRIS, Pippa. A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
KROTZ, Friedrich, Mediatisierung: Fallstudien zum Wandel von Kommunikation. Wiesbaden: VS VerlagfürSozialwissenschaften, 2007.
PATTERSON, Samuel; CALDEIRA, Gregory. Getting Out the Vote: Participation in Gubernatorial Elections. American Political Science Review, vol.77, n. 3, 1983, p. 675–89.
POGUNTKE, Thomas.; WEBB, Paul. The Presidentialisation of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies.New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
RAE, Douglas. The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967.
PRZEWORSKI, Adam; TEUNE, Henry. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. Miami, FL: R.E. Krueger & Cia. 1970.
SARTORI, Giovani.The Theory of Democracy Revisited. Chatham (N.J): Chatham Publishing House, 1986.
SCHOEN, Harald. Den Wechselwählern auf der Spur: Recall-und Paneldaten im Vergleich. In: DETH, Jan van, RATTINGER, Hans und ROLLER,Edeltraut. Die Republik auf dem Weg zur Normalität? Wahlverhalten und politische Einstellungen nach acht Jahren Einheit. Opladens: Leske and Budrich, 199-226, 2000.
SCHULTZ, Winfried. Reconstructing Mediatization as an Analytical Concept.European Journal of Communication, vol. 19, n. 1, 2012, p.87-101.
SEARING, Donald. Westminster´s World: Understanding Political Roles. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
SHUGART, Matthew Soberg; WATTENBERG, Martin. Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
THOMASSEN, Jacques. Empirical Research into Political Representation: Failing Democracy or Failing models. In: KENT, Jennings and THOMAS Mann (eds.) Elections at Home and Abroad. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
TRIBUNAL SUPERIOR ELEITORAL. http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/eleicoes-anteriores/eleicoes- 2010/estatisticas. 2010. Access: July 19, 2013.
ZITTEL, Thomas; GSCHWEND, Thomas. Individualized Constituency Campaigns in MixedMember Electoral Systems: Candidates in the 2005 German Elections. West European Politics, vol. 31, n. 5, 2008, p. 978–1003.
ALBUQUERQUE, A. A. Gramática do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral: Observações Preliminares. In: NETO, A. F. e PINTO, M. J. (Org.). O indivíduo e as mídias. Rio de Janeiro: Diadorim, 1996.
______. Another Fourth Branch: Press and the Political Culture in Brazil. Journalism, vol. 6, n. 4, p. 486-504, 2005.
______. Notas para uma agenda de pesquisa sobre a propaganda política na televisão no Brasil. Revista ECO-Pós, vol. 12, n. 3. p. 4-10, 2009
ALEXANDER, J. C. Performance and Power. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2010.
BARREIRA, Irlys Alencar. Chuva de papéis, ritos de campanha eleitoral no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumare, 1998.
______. A política de perto: recortes etnográficos de campanhas eleitorais. Novos Estudos, vol. 74, n. 3, 2006, p. 177-194.
BAWN, Katharine. Voter Responses to Electoral Complexity: Ticket Splitting, Rational Voters and Representation in the Federal Republic of Germany. British Journal of Political Science, vol. 29, n. 3, 1999, p. 487-505.
BENNETT, Lance; ENTMAN, Robert. Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
BUNDESWAHLLEITER. 2013. Data available at: http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/bundestagswahlen/BTW_BUND_09/ergebnisse/wahlkreisergeb nisse/index.html. Access: July 19, 2013.
CAIN, B.; FEREJOHN, J.; FIORINA, Morris. The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.
CAREY, John; SHUGART, Matthew. Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: a rank ordering of electoral formulas. Electoral Studies, vol. 14, n. 4, 1996, p. 417-439.
CARVALHO, Nelson Rojas de. E no início eram as bases: geografia política do voto e comportamento legislativo no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Revam, 2003.
CASTELLS, Manuel. The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
COX, Gary. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
DALTON, Russel; WATTENBERG, Martin. Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
FALTER, John.The Development of a Multiparty System in Germany: A Threat to Democratic Stability? In: KAY, Lawson (ed.), Political Parties and Democracy, vol. II. Santa Barbara (CA): Praeger, 2010.
FIORINA, Morris. Congress: keystone of the Washington establishment. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
GLES -German Longitudinal Election Study. Leibniz-Institut für Sozial wissenschaften, 2009.
HARRIS, Phil; REES, Patricia (eds). Machiavelli, Marketing and Management. London. Routledge, 2000.
HJARVARD, Stig. The Mediatization of Society: a theory of the media as agents of social and
cultural change. In: Nordicom Review, vol. 29, n. 2, 2008, p. 105-134.
JACOB, César Romero; HEES, Rodrigues; WANIEZ, Philippe; BRUSTLEIN, Viollete A geografia do voto nas eleições presidenciais do Brasil: 1989-2006. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Vozes, 2010.
LUNDBY, Knut. Mediatization: Concept, Changes, Consequences. New York, NY: Lang, 2009.
MANIN, Bernard. The Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
MARCH, Johan; OLSEN, James. Rediscovering Institutions. New York: Free Press, 1989.
MAINWARING, Scott. Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: the Case of Brazil.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
MAYHEW, David. The Electoral Connection (2nd. Ed.). New Haven: Yale University, 2004.
MUGHAN, Anthony. Media and the Presidentialisation of Parliamentary Elections.New York: Palgrave, 2000.
NIEDERMAYER, O. Parteimitglieder in Deutschland. Berlin: Arbeitshefte aus dem Otto StammerZentrum, 2008.
NORRIS, Pippa. A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
KROTZ, Friedrich, Mediatisierung: Fallstudien zum Wandel von Kommunikation. Wiesbaden: VS VerlagfürSozialwissenschaften, 2007.
PATTERSON, Samuel; CALDEIRA, Gregory. Getting Out the Vote: Participation in Gubernatorial Elections. American Political Science Review, vol.77, n. 3, 1983, p. 675–89.
POGUNTKE, Thomas.; WEBB, Paul. The Presidentialisation of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies.New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
RAE, Douglas. The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967.
PRZEWORSKI, Adam; TEUNE, Henry. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. Miami, FL: R.E. Krueger & Cia. 1970.
SARTORI, Giovani.The Theory of Democracy Revisited. Chatham (N.J): Chatham Publishing House, 1986.
SCHOEN, Harald. Den Wechselwählern auf der Spur: Recall-und Paneldaten im Vergleich. In: DETH, Jan van, RATTINGER, Hans und ROLLER,Edeltraut. Die Republik auf dem Weg zur Normalität? Wahlverhalten und politische Einstellungen nach acht Jahren Einheit. Opladens: Leske and Budrich, 199-226, 2000.
SCHULTZ, Winfried. Reconstructing Mediatization as an Analytical Concept.European Journal of Communication, vol. 19, n. 1, 2012, p.87-101.
SEARING, Donald. Westminster´s World: Understanding Political Roles. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
SHUGART, Matthew Soberg; WATTENBERG, Martin. Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
THOMASSEN, Jacques. Empirical Research into Political Representation: Failing Democracy or Failing models. In: KENT, Jennings and THOMAS Mann (eds.) Elections at Home and Abroad. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
TRIBUNAL SUPERIOR ELEITORAL. http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/eleicoes-anteriores/eleicoes- 2010/estatisticas. 2010. Access: July 19, 2013.
ZITTEL, Thomas; GSCHWEND, Thomas. Individualized Constituency Campaigns in MixedMember Electoral Systems: Candidates in the 2005 German Elections. West European Politics, vol. 31, n. 5, 2008, p. 978–1003.