VISIBILIDADE MIDIÁTICA MUDANÇA NO JOGO OU ALTERNATIVA? PESQUISA COMPARATIVA ENTRE OS PARLAMENTARES DO BRASIL E DA ALEMANHA
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Abstract
Este artigo se baseia em uma pesquisa de campo realizada com deputados brasileiros e alemães (MPs). O paper visa comparar estratégias de comunicação e conexões eleitorais em ambos os países. Metodologia: O projeto utilizou uma amostra (N= 324) suficiente de participantes para análise. Resultados: A pesquisa encontrou dois tipos básicos de políticos: (i) deputados que utilizam meios de comunicação nacionais e regionais para se comunicar com os eleitores, que trabalham em comissões, e fazem discursos em plenário, mas cujas atividades não estão relacionadas principalmente aos interesses específicos de seus distritos. (ii) Deputados que usam pesadamente os meios de radiodifusão e de imprensa locais, cujas atividades estão focadas principalmente na prestação de serviços e benefícios seus círculos eleitorais. Para ambos os tipos, a Internet e visibilidade midiática não foram percebidas como um dos fatores decisivos. Conclusão: Como instrumento de comunicação política, a Internet e as redes sociais não emergiram como forças globais, mas como ferramentas utilizadas e adaptadas a contextos políticos locais.
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Orlando Lyra de Carvalho Jr. (2021). VISIBILIDADE MIDIÁTICA: MUDANÇA NO JOGO OU ALTERNATIVA? PESQUISA COMPARATIVA ENTRE OS PARLAMENTARES DO BRASIL E DA ALEMANHA. Revista Sul-Americana De Ciência Política, 3(1), 110-131. Retrieved from https://revistas.ufpel.edu.br/index.php/Sul/article/view/212
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References
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______. Notas para uma agenda de pesquisa sobre a propaganda política na televisão no Brasil. Revista ECO-Pós, vol. 12, n. 3. p. 4-10, 2009
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______. A política de perto: recortes etnográficos de campanhas eleitorais. Novos Estudos, vol. 74, n. 3, 2006, p. 177-194.
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COX, Gary. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
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FIORINA, Morris. Congress: keystone of the Washington establishment. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
GLES -German Longitudinal Election Study. Leibniz-Institut für Sozial wissenschaften, 2009.
HARRIS, Phil; REES, Patricia (eds). Machiavelli, Marketing and Management. London. Routledge, 2000.
HJARVARD, Stig. The Mediatization of Society: a theory of the media as agents of social and
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MARCH, Johan; OLSEN, James. Rediscovering Institutions. New York: Free Press, 1989.
MAINWARING, Scott. Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: the Case of Brazil.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
MAYHEW, David. The Electoral Connection (2nd. Ed.). New Haven: Yale University, 2004.
MUGHAN, Anthony. Media and the Presidentialisation of Parliamentary Elections.New York: Palgrave, 2000.
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NORRIS, Pippa. A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
KROTZ, Friedrich, Mediatisierung: Fallstudien zum Wandel von Kommunikation. Wiesbaden: VS VerlagfürSozialwissenschaften, 2007.
PATTERSON, Samuel; CALDEIRA, Gregory. Getting Out the Vote: Participation in Gubernatorial Elections. American Political Science Review, vol.77, n. 3, 1983, p. 675–89.
POGUNTKE, Thomas.; WEBB, Paul. The Presidentialisation of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies.New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
RAE, Douglas. The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967.
PRZEWORSKI, Adam; TEUNE, Henry. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. Miami, FL: R.E. Krueger & Cia. 1970.
SARTORI, Giovani.The Theory of Democracy Revisited. Chatham (N.J): Chatham Publishing House, 1986.
SCHOEN, Harald. Den Wechselwählern auf der Spur: Recall-und Paneldaten im Vergleich. In: DETH, Jan van, RATTINGER, Hans und ROLLER,Edeltraut. Die Republik auf dem Weg zur Normalität? Wahlverhalten und politische Einstellungen nach acht Jahren Einheit. Opladens: Leske and Budrich, 199-226, 2000.
SCHULTZ, Winfried. Reconstructing Mediatization as an Analytical Concept.European Journal of Communication, vol. 19, n. 1, 2012, p.87-101.
SEARING, Donald. Westminster´s World: Understanding Political Roles. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
SHUGART, Matthew Soberg; WATTENBERG, Martin. Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
THOMASSEN, Jacques. Empirical Research into Political Representation: Failing Democracy or Failing models. In: KENT, Jennings and THOMAS Mann (eds.) Elections at Home and Abroad. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
TRIBUNAL SUPERIOR ELEITORAL. http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/eleicoes-anteriores/eleicoes- 2010/estatisticas. 2010. Access: July 19, 2013.
ZITTEL, Thomas; GSCHWEND, Thomas. Individualized Constituency Campaigns in MixedMember Electoral Systems: Candidates in the 2005 German Elections. West European Politics, vol. 31, n. 5, 2008, p. 978–1003.
ALBUQUERQUE, A. A. Gramática do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral: Observações Preliminares. In: NETO, A. F. e PINTO, M. J. (Org.). O indivíduo e as mídias. Rio de Janeiro: Diadorim, 1996.
______. Another Fourth Branch: Press and the Political Culture in Brazil. Journalism, vol. 6, n. 4, p. 486-504, 2005.
______. Notas para uma agenda de pesquisa sobre a propaganda política na televisão no Brasil. Revista ECO-Pós, vol. 12, n. 3. p. 4-10, 2009
ALEXANDER, J. C. Performance and Power. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2010.
BARREIRA, Irlys Alencar. Chuva de papéis, ritos de campanha eleitoral no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumare, 1998.
______. A política de perto: recortes etnográficos de campanhas eleitorais. Novos Estudos, vol. 74, n. 3, 2006, p. 177-194.
BAWN, Katharine. Voter Responses to Electoral Complexity: Ticket Splitting, Rational Voters and Representation in the Federal Republic of Germany. British Journal of Political Science, vol. 29, n. 3, 1999, p. 487-505.
BENNETT, Lance; ENTMAN, Robert. Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
BUNDESWAHLLEITER. 2013. Data available at: http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/de/bundestagswahlen/BTW_BUND_09/ergebnisse/wahlkreisergeb nisse/index.html. Access: July 19, 2013.
CAIN, B.; FEREJOHN, J.; FIORINA, Morris. The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.
CAREY, John; SHUGART, Matthew. Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: a rank ordering of electoral formulas. Electoral Studies, vol. 14, n. 4, 1996, p. 417-439.
CARVALHO, Nelson Rojas de. E no início eram as bases: geografia política do voto e comportamento legislativo no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Revam, 2003.
CASTELLS, Manuel. The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
COX, Gary. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
DALTON, Russel; WATTENBERG, Martin. Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
FALTER, John.The Development of a Multiparty System in Germany: A Threat to Democratic Stability? In: KAY, Lawson (ed.), Political Parties and Democracy, vol. II. Santa Barbara (CA): Praeger, 2010.
FIORINA, Morris. Congress: keystone of the Washington establishment. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
GLES -German Longitudinal Election Study. Leibniz-Institut für Sozial wissenschaften, 2009.
HARRIS, Phil; REES, Patricia (eds). Machiavelli, Marketing and Management. London. Routledge, 2000.
HJARVARD, Stig. The Mediatization of Society: a theory of the media as agents of social and
cultural change. In: Nordicom Review, vol. 29, n. 2, 2008, p. 105-134.
JACOB, César Romero; HEES, Rodrigues; WANIEZ, Philippe; BRUSTLEIN, Viollete A geografia do voto nas eleições presidenciais do Brasil: 1989-2006. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Vozes, 2010.
LUNDBY, Knut. Mediatization: Concept, Changes, Consequences. New York, NY: Lang, 2009.
MANIN, Bernard. The Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
MARCH, Johan; OLSEN, James. Rediscovering Institutions. New York: Free Press, 1989.
MAINWARING, Scott. Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: the Case of Brazil.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
MAYHEW, David. The Electoral Connection (2nd. Ed.). New Haven: Yale University, 2004.
MUGHAN, Anthony. Media and the Presidentialisation of Parliamentary Elections.New York: Palgrave, 2000.
NIEDERMAYER, O. Parteimitglieder in Deutschland. Berlin: Arbeitshefte aus dem Otto StammerZentrum, 2008.
NORRIS, Pippa. A Virtuous Circle: Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
KROTZ, Friedrich, Mediatisierung: Fallstudien zum Wandel von Kommunikation. Wiesbaden: VS VerlagfürSozialwissenschaften, 2007.
PATTERSON, Samuel; CALDEIRA, Gregory. Getting Out the Vote: Participation in Gubernatorial Elections. American Political Science Review, vol.77, n. 3, 1983, p. 675–89.
POGUNTKE, Thomas.; WEBB, Paul. The Presidentialisation of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies.New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
RAE, Douglas. The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967.
PRZEWORSKI, Adam; TEUNE, Henry. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. Miami, FL: R.E. Krueger & Cia. 1970.
SARTORI, Giovani.The Theory of Democracy Revisited. Chatham (N.J): Chatham Publishing House, 1986.
SCHOEN, Harald. Den Wechselwählern auf der Spur: Recall-und Paneldaten im Vergleich. In: DETH, Jan van, RATTINGER, Hans und ROLLER,Edeltraut. Die Republik auf dem Weg zur Normalität? Wahlverhalten und politische Einstellungen nach acht Jahren Einheit. Opladens: Leske and Budrich, 199-226, 2000.
SCHULTZ, Winfried. Reconstructing Mediatization as an Analytical Concept.European Journal of Communication, vol. 19, n. 1, 2012, p.87-101.
SEARING, Donald. Westminster´s World: Understanding Political Roles. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
SHUGART, Matthew Soberg; WATTENBERG, Martin. Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
THOMASSEN, Jacques. Empirical Research into Political Representation: Failing Democracy or Failing models. In: KENT, Jennings and THOMAS Mann (eds.) Elections at Home and Abroad. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
TRIBUNAL SUPERIOR ELEITORAL. http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/eleicoes-anteriores/eleicoes- 2010/estatisticas. 2010. Access: July 19, 2013.
ZITTEL, Thomas; GSCHWEND, Thomas. Individualized Constituency Campaigns in MixedMember Electoral Systems: Candidates in the 2005 German Elections. West European Politics, vol. 31, n. 5, 2008, p. 978–1003.