FATORES SOCIOTÉCNICOS QUE IMPACTAM A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL NAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS
Palavras-chave:
Transformação Digital (TD), Teoria Sociotécnica (TSS), Subsistemas do Sistema Sociotécnico (SSS), Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs)
Resumo
O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os fatores dos subsistemas do sistema sociotécnico (SSS) que funcionam como impulsionadores e/ou inibidores para a adoção da transformação digital (TD) no contexto das pequenas e médias empresas (MPEs). A lente teórica dos sistemas sociotécnicos complexos é utilizada para entender o comportamento desses fatores na performance do processo da TD nas MPEs. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso múltiplo envolvendo quatro agentes de inovação, os quais aplicaram a metodologia do projeto com foco em TD em 32 MPEs da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. Este estudo foi conduzido através de relatórios disponibilizados pelos Agentes, os quais incluíam check-up digital que possui 6 dimensões: tecnologias e habilidades digitais, comunicação e canais de venda, organização e pessoas, estratégia, dados e inteligência analítica. De acordo com os resultados do estudo, foi confirmado que as MPEs que possuem uma alta orientação pelos SSS são mais propensas a implementar tecnologias para a TD. Com base nessas descobertas, o estudo oferece recomendações gerenciais para melhorar o processo de TD nas MPEs.
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Referências
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CIMINI, C., BOFFELLI, A., LAGORIO, A., KALCHSCHMIDT, M. AND PINTO, R. (2021), “How industry 4.0 technologies influence organizational change? An empirical analysis of Italian SMEs”, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol. 32 nº 3, doi: 10.1108/JMTM-04-2019-0135.
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EGGERS, JP AND PARK, KF (2018). Holder adaptation to technological change: the past, present and future of research on heterogeneous incumbent response. Academy of Management Annals, 12(1), 357–389.
ELMARAGHY, W., ELMARAGHY, H., TOMIYAMA, T., MONOSTORI, L., 2012. Complexity in engineering design and manufacturing. CIRP Ana. Manuf. Tecnol. 61 (2), 793–814.
FANTINI, PAOLA; PINZONE, MARTA; TAISCH, MARCO (2018). Placing the operator at the centre of Industry 4.0 design: Modelling and assessing human activities within cyber-physical systems. Computers & Industrial Engineering, (), S0360835218300329–. doi:10.1016/j.cie.2018.01.025.
FERREIRA, JOÃO J.M.; FERNANDES, CRISTINA I.; FERREIRA, FERNANDO A.F. (2018). To be or not to be digital, that is the question: Firm innovation and performance. Journal of Business Research, (), S0148296318305642–. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.013
FRANK, ALEJANDRO GERMÁN; RIBEIRO, JOSÉ LUIS DUARTE; ECHEVESTE, MÁRCIA ELISA (2015). Factors influencing knowledge transfer between NPD teams: a taxonomic analysis based on a sociotechnical approach. R&D Management, 45(1), 1–22. doi:10.1111/radm.12046
FREY, CB E OSBORNE, MA (2017), “O futuro do emprego: quão suscetíveis são os empregos à informatização?”, Previsão Tecnológica e Mudança Social, vol. 114, pp. 254-280, doi: 10. 1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019.
GALLETTA, A. (2013). Mastering the semi-structured interview and beyond: From research design to analysis and publication. NYU Press
GILCHRIST, A. (2016), Industry 4.0: The Industrial Internet of Things, Apress, Berkeley, CA, doi: 10.1007/ 978-1-4842-2047-4.
HENDRICK, HW AND KLEINER, BM (2000), Macroergonomics: An Introduction to Work System Design, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, CA.
HUNZIKER, S., & BLANKENAGEL, M. (2021). Multiple case research design. In Research design in business and management (pp. 163–182). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34357-6_9
IMRAN FAISAL; KHURAM SHAHZAD, AURANGZEAB BUTT & JUSSI KANTOLA (2021). Digital Transformation of Industrial Organizations: Toward an Integrated Framework, Journal of Change Management, 21:4, 451-479, DOI: 10.1080/14697017.2021.1929406
JÖHNK. J; WEIßERT. M E WYRTKI. K. “Ready or not, AI comes—An Interview Study of Organizational AI Readiness Factors,” Bus. Inf. Sist. Eng., vol. 63, nº. 1, pp. 5–20, 2021.
JONES, PAUL, GEOFF SIMMONS, GARY PACKHAM, PAUL BEYNON-DAVIES AND DAVID PICKERNELL. 2014. “An Exploration of Attitudes and Strategic Responses of Sole Proprietor Microenterprises in Adopting Information and Communication Technology”. International Small Business Journal 32 (3): 285–306.
KESTING, P. E F. GÜNZEL-JENSEN, “PMEs e novos empreendimentos precisam de sofisticação de modelo de negócios”, Business Horizons 58(3), 2015, pp. 285–293.
KLEINER, B. M. (2008). Macroergonomics: Work System Analysis and Design. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50(3), 461–467. doi:10.1518/001872008X288501.
KRAUS, S; JONES, P; KAILER, N; WEINMANN, A. N. CHAPARRO-BANEGAS E N.ROIG-TIERNO, “Transformação digital: uma visão geral do estado atual da arte da pesquisa”, SAGE Open, vol. 11, não. 3, pp. 1–15, 2021.
KRISHNAMURTHY, SANDEEP (2020). The future of business education: A commentary in the shadow of the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Research, 117(), 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.034.
LI, L., SU, F., ZHANG, W., MAO, JY, 2018. Digital Transformation by SME Entrepreneurs: A Capability Perspective. Inf. System J. 28 (6), 1129–1157. doi:10.1111/isj.12153.
LIU, CHIA-WEI; CHENG, JEN-SON. Exploring driving forces of innovation in the MSEs: the case of the sustainable B&B tourism industry. Sustainability, v. 10, n. 11, p. 3983, 2018.
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