POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E FORMAÇÃO DE RECURSOS HUMANOS PARA A INDÚSTRIA 4.0
Palavras-chave:
Indústria 4.0, 4ª Revolução industrial, Políticas públicas, Digitalização, Recursos humanos
Resumo
O termo indústria 4.0 (I4.0) foi cunhado na Alemanha em 2011 e pode ser visto como o movimento para digitalizar e automatizar processos no campo da manufatura, e sua implementação necessita de uma força trabalhadora com novas qualificações. Nesse artigo, através de uma revisão da literatura, foram analisadas as políticas públicas para a implantação da I4.0 na Alemanha, China, Reino Unido (GB), Suécia, Japão e Brasil catalogando-as em três temas, Empregados - questões relacionadas aos recursos humanos; Produção – referente aos recursos físicos utilizados no processo produtivo; Social – relativo à criação e compartilhamento de conhecimento entre os trabalhadores e os efeitos na sociedade em geral. A pesquisa revelou que Alemanha, China, GB e Japão possuem maiores similaridades em sua forma de adotar a I4.0, especialmente quanto ao grande foco em pesquisa, adaptação de seus recursos humanos e constante profissionalização da força de trabalho, mas a China diferencia-se especialmente na maneira de distribui-la, focando em empresas grandes e centralizadas, enquanto esses os outros focam numa distribuição mais democrática, abrangendo mais regiões e pequenas e médias empresas. Por fim quanto ao Brasil, apesar de possuir algumas iniciativas direção certa, são poucas e falham em resolver a falta de entendimento dos benefícios da I4.0, a falta de infraestrutura tecnológica e as restrições financeiras.
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Referências
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AL-SAYED, Rafif; YANG, Jianhua. Towards Chinese smart manufacturing ecosystem in the context of the one belt one road initiative. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 2018.
ARBIX, Glauco et al. Made in China 2025 and Industrie 4.0: the difficult Chinese transition from catching up to an economy driven by innovation. Tempo Social, v. 30, p. 143-170, 2018.
AZHAR, Zubir; MOHAMAD, Marini Nurbanum; PITCHAY, Anwar Allah. Accounting Information and Supply Chain Management Practices in the Era of IR 4.0: The Case of a Japanese Subsidiary in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, v. 15, n. 1, 2022.
BAIERLE, Ismael Cristofer et al. Competitiveness of food industry in the era of digital transformation towards agriculture 4.0. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 18, p. 11779, 2022.
BISCHOF-DOS-SANTOS, Christiane; OLIVEIRA, Elisandreia de. Production Engineering Competencies in the Industry 4.0 context: Perspectives on the Brazilian labor market. Production, v. 30, 2020.
BOGOVIZ, Aleksei V. et al. Comparative analysis of formation of industry 4.0 in developed and developing countries. Industry 4.0: industrial revolution of the 21st century, p. 155-164, 2019.
BORGES, Lilian Adriana; TAN, Kim Hua. Incorporating human factors into the AAMT selection: a framework and process. International Journal of Production Research, v. 55, n. 5, p. 1459-1470, 2017.
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CHANG, Victor et al. The market challenge of wind turbine industry-renewable energy in PR China and Germany. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 166, p. 120631, 2021.
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MENEZES, Igor et al. Measuring organizational climate via psychological networks analysis. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 2021.
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ONU - Organização das Nações Unidas. Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos da ONU. Disponível em :
PACCHINI, Athos Paulo Tadeu et al. The degree of readiness for the implementation of Industry 4.0. Computers in Industry, v. 113, p. 103125, 2019.
PAUTASSO, Diego. CHINA’S GLOBAL POWER AND DEVELOPMENT: THE MADE IN CHINA 2025 POLICY. AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations, v. 8, n. 16, 2019.
PHAM, Kien Thi et al. Human resource development experience of some developed countries and lessons drawn for Vietnam today. Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío, v. 34, n. 1, p. 118-127, 2022.
PIO, Pedro Carmona et al. Human resources and Industry 4.0: an exploratory study in the Brazilian business context. Kybernetes, 2021.
POSZYTEK, Paweł. The Landscape of Scientific Discussions on the Competencies 4.0 Concept in the Context of the 4th Industrial Revolution—A Bibliometric Review. Sustainability, v. 13, n. 12, p. 6709, 2021.
PRODI, Elena et al. Industry 4.0 policy from a sociotechnical perspective: The case of German competence centres. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 175, p. 121341, 2022.
RAMPASSO, Izabela Simon et al. An investigation of research gaps in reported skills required for Industry 4.0 readiness of Brazilian undergraduate students. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 2020.
RIMINUCCI, Michela. Industry 4.0 and human resources development: A view from Japan. E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies, 2018.
RODRIGUES, Thales Volpe et al. Goverment initiatives 4.0: a comparison between industrial innovation policies for industry 4.0. Revista Gestão e Desenvolvimento, v. 18, n. 1, p. 119-147, 2021.
SANTOS, Gilberto et al. New needed quality management skills for quality managers 4.0. Sustainability, v. 13, n. 11, p. 6149, 2021.
SILTORI, Patricia FS et al. Industry 4.0 and corporate sustainability: An exploratory analysis of possible impacts in the Brazilian context. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 167, p. 120741, 2021.
SOUZA, Rodrigo Gris de; QUELHAS, Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves. Model Proposal for Diagnosis and Integration of Industry 4.0 Concepts in Production Engineering Courses. Sustainability, v. 12, n. 8, p. 3471, 2020.
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THOBEN, Klaus-Dieter; WIESNER, Stefan; WUEST, Thorsten. “Industrie 4.0” and smart manufacturing-a review of research issues and application examples. International journal of automation technology, v. 11, n. 1, p. 4-16, 2017.
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XIAO, Junhong. Digital transformation in higher education: critiquing the five-year development plans (2016-2020) of 75 Chinese universities. Distance Education, v. 40, n. 4, p. 515-533, 2019.
ZHANG, Xianyu et al. A reference system of smart manufacturing talent education (SMTE) in China. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, v. 100, n. 9, p. 2701-2714, 2019.
ZIAEI NAFCHI, Majid; MOHELSKÁ, Hana. Effects of industry 4.0 on the labor markets of Iran and Japan. Economies, v. 6, n. 3, p. 39, 2018.
AL-SAYED, Rafif; YANG, Jianhua. Towards Chinese smart manufacturing ecosystem in the context of the one belt one road initiative. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 2018.
ARBIX, Glauco et al. Made in China 2025 and Industrie 4.0: the difficult Chinese transition from catching up to an economy driven by innovation. Tempo Social, v. 30, p. 143-170, 2018.
AZHAR, Zubir; MOHAMAD, Marini Nurbanum; PITCHAY, Anwar Allah. Accounting Information and Supply Chain Management Practices in the Era of IR 4.0: The Case of a Japanese Subsidiary in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, v. 15, n. 1, 2022.
BAIERLE, Ismael Cristofer et al. Competitiveness of food industry in the era of digital transformation towards agriculture 4.0. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 18, p. 11779, 2022.
BISCHOF-DOS-SANTOS, Christiane; OLIVEIRA, Elisandreia de. Production Engineering Competencies in the Industry 4.0 context: Perspectives on the Brazilian labor market. Production, v. 30, 2020.
BOGOVIZ, Aleksei V. et al. Comparative analysis of formation of industry 4.0 in developed and developing countries. Industry 4.0: industrial revolution of the 21st century, p. 155-164, 2019.
BORGES, Lilian Adriana; TAN, Kim Hua. Incorporating human factors into the AAMT selection: a framework and process. International Journal of Production Research, v. 55, n. 5, p. 1459-1470, 2017.
CAZERI, Gustavo Tietz et al. Potential COVID-19 impacts on the transition to Industry 4.0 in the Brazilian manufacturing sector. Kybernetes, v. 51, n. 7, p. 2233-2239, 2022.
CEZARINO, Luciana Oranges et al. Diving into emerging economies bottleneck: Industry 4.0 and implications for circular economy. Management Decision, 2019.
CHANG, Victor et al. The market challenge of wind turbine industry-renewable energy in PR China and Germany. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 166, p. 120631, 2021.
CORDEIRO, Raphaella Ferreira; REIS, Luciana Paula; FERNANDES, June Marques. A study on the barriers that impact the adoption of Industry 4.0 in the context of Brazilian companies. The TQM Journal, 2023.
CORROCHER, Nicoletta; MAVILIA, Roberto; GIORGIO, Melissa. The Sino-German alliance for the fourth industrial revolution: dynamics and policy implications. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, v. 23, n. 4, p. 426-446, 2020.
CUNHA, Tairine Pravadelli et al. Proposal guidelines to implement the concepts of industry 4.0 into information technology companies. The TQM Journal, 2020.
DA SILVA, Silvio Bitencourt; PUFFAL, Daniel Pedro; FLORES, Taís Müller. Promoção de Resiliência por meio da Tecnologia a partir das Instituições Científicas, Tecnológicas e de Inovação no Brasil. Revista Ciências Administrativas, v. 27, n. 2, p. 9872, 2021.
DALENOGARE, Lucas Santos et al. The expected contribution of Industry 4.0 technologies for industrial performance. International Journal of production economics, v. 204, p. 383-394, 2018.
DAUDT, Gabriel; WILLCOX, Luiz Daniel. Critical thoughts on advanced manufacturing: the experiences of Germany and USA. Revista de Gestão, 2018.
DE FIGUEIREDO, Américo Rodrigues; GRAGLIA, Marcelo Augusto Vieira. INDUSTRY 4.0 IN BRAZIL AND THE CHALLENGES OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ECONOMY. Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS, v. 12, n. 4, p. 13-28, 2021.
DURÃO, Luiz Fernando CS et al. Additive manufacturing scenarios for distributed production of spare parts. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, v. 93, n. 1, p. 869-880, 2017.
FERRAZ, João Carlos et al. Snapshots of a state of flux: how Brazilian industrial firms differ in the adoption of digital technologies and policy implications. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, v. 23, n. 4, p. 390-407, 2020.
GARCÍA-HERRERO, Alicia; WEIL, Pauline. Lessons for Europe from China’s quest for semiconductor self-reliance. Bruegel, 2022.
GU, Jianqiang et al. Is the fourth industrial revolution transforming the relationship between financial development and its determinants in emerging economies?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 165, p. 120563, 2021.
HENDERSON, Dylan. Demand-side broadband policy in the context of digital transformation: An examination of SME digital advisory policies in Wales. Telecommunications Policy, v. 44, n. 9, p. 102024, 2020.
HU, Gang-Gao. Is knowledge spillover from human capital investment a catalyst for technological innovation? The curious case of fourth industrial revolution in BRICS economies. Technological forecasting and social change, v. 162, p. 120327, 2021.
KANG, Hyoung Seok et al. Smart manufacturing: Past research, present findings, and future directions. International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing-green technology, v. 3, n. 1, p. 111-128, 2016.
KUO, Chu-Chi; SHYU, Joseph Z.; DING, Kun. Industrial revitalization via industry 4.0–A comparative policy analysis among China, Germany and the USA. Global transitions, v. 1, p. 3-14, 2019.
LABRUNIE, Mateus L.; PENNA, Caetano CR; KUPFER, David. The resurgence of industrial policies in the age of advanced manufacturing: an international comparison of industrial policy documents. Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, 2021.
LEE, Byeouk-Gyu; LEE, Shang; SUNG, Eul-Hyun. Characteristics of the German innovation policy in industry 4.0. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology, v. 8, n. 8, p. 785-792, 2018.
MENEZES, Igor et al. Measuring organizational climate via psychological networks analysis. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 2021.
MUNIZ JUNIOR, Jorge; MOSCHETTO, Giovanni Pessin; WINTERSBERGER, Daniel. Industry 4.0 at Brazilian modular consortium: work, process and knowledge in engine supply chain. Production, v. 33, p. e20220074, 2023.
ONU - Organização das Nações Unidas. Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos da ONU. Disponível em :
PACCHINI, Athos Paulo Tadeu et al. The degree of readiness for the implementation of Industry 4.0. Computers in Industry, v. 113, p. 103125, 2019.
PAUTASSO, Diego. CHINA’S GLOBAL POWER AND DEVELOPMENT: THE MADE IN CHINA 2025 POLICY. AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations, v. 8, n. 16, 2019.
PHAM, Kien Thi et al. Human resource development experience of some developed countries and lessons drawn for Vietnam today. Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío, v. 34, n. 1, p. 118-127, 2022.
PIO, Pedro Carmona et al. Human resources and Industry 4.0: an exploratory study in the Brazilian business context. Kybernetes, 2021.
POSZYTEK, Paweł. The Landscape of Scientific Discussions on the Competencies 4.0 Concept in the Context of the 4th Industrial Revolution—A Bibliometric Review. Sustainability, v. 13, n. 12, p. 6709, 2021.
PRODI, Elena et al. Industry 4.0 policy from a sociotechnical perspective: The case of German competence centres. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 175, p. 121341, 2022.
RAMPASSO, Izabela Simon et al. An investigation of research gaps in reported skills required for Industry 4.0 readiness of Brazilian undergraduate students. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 2020.
RIMINUCCI, Michela. Industry 4.0 and human resources development: A view from Japan. E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies, 2018.
RODRIGUES, Thales Volpe et al. Goverment initiatives 4.0: a comparison between industrial innovation policies for industry 4.0. Revista Gestão e Desenvolvimento, v. 18, n. 1, p. 119-147, 2021.
SANTOS, Gilberto et al. New needed quality management skills for quality managers 4.0. Sustainability, v. 13, n. 11, p. 6149, 2021.
SILTORI, Patricia FS et al. Industry 4.0 and corporate sustainability: An exploratory analysis of possible impacts in the Brazilian context. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 167, p. 120741, 2021.
SOUZA, Rodrigo Gris de; QUELHAS, Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves. Model Proposal for Diagnosis and Integration of Industry 4.0 Concepts in Production Engineering Courses. Sustainability, v. 12, n. 8, p. 3471, 2020.
TAY, Shu Ing et al. An overview of industry 4.0: Definition, components, and government initiatives. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, v. 10, n. 14, p. 1379-1387, 2018.
THOBEN, Klaus-Dieter; WIESNER, Stefan; WUEST, Thorsten. “Industrie 4.0” and smart manufacturing-a review of research issues and application examples. International journal of automation technology, v. 11, n. 1, p. 4-16, 2017.
URRUTIA PEREIRA, Giovana; DE LARA MACHADO, Wagner; ZIEBELL DE OLIVEIRA, Manoela. Organizational learning culture in industry 4.0: relationships with work engagement and turnover intention. Human Resource Development International, p. 1-21, 2021
WANG, Jian; WU, Huiqin; CHEN, Yan. Made in China 2025 and manufacturing strategy decisions with reverse QFD. International Journal of Production Economics, v. 224, p. 107539, 2020.
WOLFGANG, S. Germany's industry 4.0 strategy: Rhine capitalism in the age of digitalisation. London: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2016. Available on:
XIAO, Junhong. Digital transformation in higher education: critiquing the five-year development plans (2016-2020) of 75 Chinese universities. Distance Education, v. 40, n. 4, p. 515-533, 2019.
ZHANG, Xianyu et al. A reference system of smart manufacturing talent education (SMTE) in China. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, v. 100, n. 9, p. 2701-2714, 2019.
ZIAEI NAFCHI, Majid; MOHELSKÁ, Hana. Effects of industry 4.0 on the labor markets of Iran and Japan. Economies, v. 6, n. 3, p. 39, 2018.
